会计服务

云端会计服务

[trp_language language=”zh_CN”] 多年来,新加坡被誉为拓展业务的最佳地点之一,这要归功于她治安良好、环境亲商、经济与政治稳定,以及容易设立外国公司。

基于新加坡是最佳经商地点之一,这里的竞争也日益激烈。为了保持领先地位,您需要确保所有的业务操作精简化且有效执行,以便您有充裕的时间聚焦于业务的核心及创收范围。

如果您是单打独斗或2至3人的经营团队,那么您可能无法有效地管理所有的内部作业,特别是初创企业和小型企业,往往对会计和簿记等方面感到头痛。如果您也面对类似情况,欢迎您使用新加坡的云端会计服务。

云端会计能让完全没有会计背景的企业轻松、完整地进行会计活动。透过先进的云端会计软件,您可以轻松地准备收据、发票、采购订单及付款,更好地管理现金流。[/trp_language]

[trp_language language=”en_US”] Over the years, Singapore has been hailed as one of the best places to do business, thanks to its safe, business-friendly environment, economic and political stability, and ease of setting up foreign companies.

 

Given that Singapore is one of the best places to do business, the competition here is also increasing. In order to stay ahead, you need to ensure that all business operations are streamlined and run effectively so that you have ample time to focus on the core of your business development and revenue-generating areas.

 

If you are working alone or in a team of 2 to 3 people, then you may not be able to effectively manage all your internal operations, especially for start-ups and small businesses, which often have headaches in accounting and bookkeeping. If you are also facing a similar situation, you are advised to use cloud accounting solution such as QuickBooks or Xero.

 

Cloud accounting allows companies with no accounting background to easily and completely conduct accounting activities. With advanced cloud-based accounting software, you can easily prepare receipts, invoices, purchase orders and payments to better manage your cash flow.[/trp_language]

设置云端会计系统的好处

[trp_language language=”zh_CN”]
  •  关于公司情况的实时、最新视图 当您的会计任务都在云会计软件中执行时,您可以获得当前财务状况的最新全面视图
  • 通过自动化节省时间
  • 从任何地方访问
  • 协作更简便
  • 无需安装,始终使用最新的软件版本
  • 随时提供技术支持
  • 针对新企业和小型企业快速实施解决方案
  • 易于扩展以适应不断增长的业务 [/trp_language]

[trp_language language=”en_US”] Cloud accounting offers numerous benefits to entities of all sizes and types. Here’s how it can help:

 

  1. Accessibility and Mobility: Cloud accounting allows you to access your financial data and perform accounting tasks from anywhere with an internet connection. This is especially useful for businesses with remote teams, multiple locations, or frequent travel requirements.
  2. Real-time Data: Cloud accounting provides real-time updates, ensuring that you’re always working with the latest financial information. This can help in making informed decisions quickly and adapting to changing circumstances.
  3. Collaboration: Cloud accounting facilitates collaboration among team members, accountants, and other stakeholders. Multiple users can work on the same data simultaneously, improving communication and workflow efficiency.
  4. Cost Efficiency: Cloud accounting eliminates the need for extensive IT infrastructure and maintenance costs. You don’t need to invest in expensive hardware or worry about software updates and backups. Instead, you pay a subscription fee for the services you use.
  5. Automatic Backups: Cloud accounting platforms typically offer automated data backups, reducing the risk of data loss due to hardware failure, accidents, or disasters. Your financial data is securely stored off-site.
  6. Scalability: As your entity grows, cloud accounting can easily scale to accommodate the increased volume of transactions and data. You don’t need to worry about outgrowing your accounting software.
  7. Security: Cloud accounting providers often implement robust security measures to protect your financial data, such as encryption, multi-factor authentication, and regular security updates. Many cloud providers have dedicated security teams focused on keeping your data safe.
  8. Reduced Errors: Cloud accounting software often integrates features that automate calculations, reduce manual data entry, and minimize human errors. This leads to more accurate financial records.
  9. Integration with Other Software: Cloud accounting platforms can often integrate with other business software, such as CRM systems or e-commerce platforms. This integration streamlines processes and reduces duplicate data entry.
  10. Regulatory Compliance: Many cloud accounting systems are designed to help entities comply with tax regulations and financial reporting standards. They often provide tools to generate financial reports, tax forms, and statements.
  11. Time Savings: With automation and streamlined processes, cloud accounting can save a significant amount of time compared to traditional manual accounting methods. This time can be redirected toward more value-added activities.
  12. Environmental Impact: Cloud accounting reduces the need for paper-based accounting processes, contributing to a more sustainable and eco-friendly business operation.

 

Overall, cloud accounting helps entities by providing them with greater flexibility, efficiency, accuracy, and security in managing their financial data and processes. It enables businesses to focus more on strategic decision-making and growth rather than administrative tasks.

[/trp_language]

新加坡的簿记服务

[trp_language language=”zh_CN”]Astop为新成立的新加坡公司提供全面的会计与簿记服务。除了编制提交给ACRA和IRAS的年度账目,我们也善于维护即时会计系统,让您能以符合成本效益的方式管理账目。

所有在新加坡注册的公司必须依照新加坡公司法的规定妥善保管账簿。好的簿记不仅有助于日常账目的管理和年度回报所需财务报表的起草,也为明智的业务决策及高效的财务管理提供了洞察。

Astop亦有为想要外包簿记工作的公司提供全套会计服务。

询问报价所需的资料
在簿记服务方面,我们需要先了解您的业务细节,以便为您提供最合理的报价。
新成立的公司请将以下资料发送给我们

  • 公司名称
  • 业务性质
  • 财政年度结束日
  • 是否有排程监督公司的销售情况
  • 是否有排程监督公司进行的采购
  • 是否有私人用途的银行账户
  • 每月的银行对账单页数
  • 预计每月收入与销售交易量
  • 财政年度内的预计交易费及采购量
  • 是否有注册消费税
  • 是否有其他特殊事项,如租赁、贷款
  • 在财政年度内是否有进行任何投资
  • 销售与采购所使用的货币(外币类型)
  • 银行账户数量
  • 债务人数量
  • 债权人数量
  • 账目编制次数(按月计算、按季计算、按半年计算或按年计算)
  • 是否期望公司在年底有明显的库存余额,在财政年度内是否需要进行库存变动检查
  • 是否拥有任何内部会计软件,是否需要我们的会计师到场操作
  • 账目是否需要审计
  • 员工人数
  • 是否有聘请会计人员及他们的角色

现有公司请提供下列附加资料:

  • 去年的财务报表(附详细损益表)
  • 最新账目(资产负债表和损益表)
  • 最新银行对账单
  • 最新消费税退税文件
  • 去年的会计费
  • 去年的审计费
  • 去年的税费
  • 去年的公司秘书费

运作方式
当您使用了Astop的新加坡簿记服务,您将获分配一名会计师,他会根据您的业务会计需求与您密切合作。

根据您定期提交给我们的财务文件,会计师会审查和整理资料,以创建和管理您的分类账;同时依照财务报告准则(FSR)起草财务报表,以进行法定提交。

进行簿记需要以下资料:

  • 销售订单/发票
  • 采购订单/发票
  • 费用记录
  • 银行对账单
  • 付款凭单
  • 记账凭单
  • 工资总结
  • 租赁协议/发票
  • 固定资产登记
  • 库存清单
  • 借款/租赁声明
  • 年内监督收入产生和费用支付的日程表
  • 债务人和债权人管制(未付或未收到发票)等

我们的簿记服务还包括下列及更多会计职能:

  • 总分类账管理
  • 应付款分类账管理
  • 应收账款管理
  • 银行对账
  • 固定资产分类账管理
  • 现金流/预算
  • 每月、每季、年终财务报表和报告
  • 账簿清理
  • 报告管理
  • 财务分析

您的专属会计师也会协助您监督合规问题,并确保您了解所有的账目和报告。

如果您需要更多特别服务,例如开发支票付款给供应商、发出每月帐单给客户、支票付款及其他行政工作,请联系我们以讨论详情。

在Astop,我们为客户提供的配套内容不会一成不变,请来电和我们讨论如何帮助您管理账目,并确保符合ACRA与IRAS的规定。
[/trp_language]

[trp_language language=”en_US”]Bookkeeping is the process of systematically recording, organizing, and maintaining financial transactions and records of a business or organization. It involves keeping track of all financial activities, such as sales, purchases, expenses, and revenues, in a structured manner. The primary purpose of bookkeeping is to provide an accurate and comprehensive picture of a business’s financial health and performance.

 

Key aspects of bookkeeping include:

 

  1. Recording Transactions: Every financial transaction, such as sales, purchases, payments, and receipts, is recorded in a chronological order in various ledgers or accounting journals. This provides a detailed trail of financial activities.
  2. Classification and Categorization: Transactions are categorized into different accounts based on their nature (e.g., sales revenue, office supplies expenses, payroll costs). This categorization allows for easier analysis and reporting.
  3. Double-Entry System: Bookkeeping typically follows the double-entry system, where every transaction has two sides: a debit and a credit. This system ensures that the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity) remains balanced.
  4. Ledgers: Transactions from journals are then posted to respective ledgers, such as the general ledger, accounts receivable ledger, and accounts payable ledger. These ledgers aggregate transactions related to specific accounts.
  5. Balancing Accounts: Regularly, accounts are balanced to ensure that debits equal credits. This process helps identify errors and discrepancies in the recorded transactions.
  6. Trial Balance: A trial balance is prepared to verify the accuracy of the bookkeeping records. It lists the balances of all accounts, and if the debits equal the credits, the trial balance is said to “balance.”
  7. Financial Statements: From the bookkeeping records, financial statements like the income statement (profit and loss statement) and the balance sheet are generated. These statements provide insights into a company’s financial performance and position.
  8. Reconciliation: Bookkeepers often perform bank and account reconciliations to ensure that the recorded transactions match the bank statements and other external records.
  9. Audit Trail: Properly maintained bookkeeping records serve as an audit trail, providing evidence of financial transactions and activities. This is crucial for both internal and external audits.
  10. Compliance and Reporting: Accurate bookkeeping is essential for fulfilling tax obligations, financial reporting requirements, and regulatory compliance.

 

Modern bookkeeping often utilizes accounting software to streamline processes, reduce errors, and enhance accuracy. While bookkeeping focuses on recording and organizing financial transactions, accounting involves interpreting and analyzing these records to derive meaningful insights for decision-making.

 

In summary, bookkeeping is the foundational process that lays the groundwork for accurate financial reporting, analysis, and decision-making within a business or organization.[/trp_language]

编制财务报表与报告服务

[trp_language language=”zh_CN”]编制财务报表与报告服务是为企业和组织提供的一项重要会计和财务服务。这项服务的主要目标是帮助客户准确记录和呈现其财务状况以及业务运营的信息,以便于内部管理和外部利益相关者(如股东、投资者、政府监管机构等)的决策和监督。以下是有关编制财务报表与报告服务的一些关键方面:

会计记录和数据收集:服务提供商需要协助客户记录和收集所有与财务交易和业务运营相关的数据和信息。这包括销售、采购、成本、资产、负债、现金流等方面的数据。

会计准则和法规遵从:服务提供商必须确保财务报表遵守适用的会计准则和法规。这可能包括国际财务报告准则(IFRS)或国家会计准则,具体要求因地区和行业而异。

财务报表编制:根据会计记录和数据,服务提供商负责编制财务报表,通常包括资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表和股东权益变动表。

报告和分析:除了编制财务报表,服务提供商通常还会提供相关的财务报告和分析。这可以帮助客户理解其财务状况,并做出明智的经营决策。

审计支持:在需要的情况下,服务提供商可能协助客户进行内部审计或协助外部审计师审计财务报表。

税务申报:服务提供商通常也会协助客户准备和提交税务申报,确保遵守适用的税法规定。

财务咨询:一些服务提供商还提供财务咨询服务,帮助客户解决与财务管理和规划相关的问题,以优化财务绩效。

合规性和透明度:服务提供商需要确保客户的财务报表和报告满足监管要求,提供透明度和合规性。

客户教育:服务提供商通常也会与客户合作,提供培训和教育,帮助他们更好地理解财务报表和报告,并提高财务管理能力。

编制财务报表与报告服务对于企业和组织至关重要,因为它们提供了有关财务健康和业务绩效的关键信息,这些信息对于制定战略决策和满足法律要求都至关重要。因此,选择合适的财务报表服务提供商对于企业的成功和可持续发展非常重要。

[/trp_language]

[trp_language language=”en_US”]The preparation of financial statements according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) involves several key steps. IFRS is a set of accounting standards developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that are used by companies globally to ensure consistent and comparable financial reporting. Here’s an overview of the process:

 

  1. Identify the Reporting Entity: Determine the entity for which you are preparing the financial statements. This could be a single company, a group of companies, or other types of entities.
  2. Select the Appropriate IFRS Standards: Review the relevant IFRS standards that apply to your entity’s industry and circumstances. IFRS standards cover various aspects of financial reporting, including recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial information.
  3. Gather Financial Data: Collect all relevant financial data, including transactions, balances, and other financial information. Ensure that the data is accurate, complete, and up-to-date.
  4. Prepare Financial Statements:
    1. Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet):
      1. Present the entity’s assets, liabilities, and equity as of the reporting date.
      2. Classify assets and liabilities as current or non-current based on their liquidity or maturity.
    2. Statement of Comprehensive Income (Income Statement):
      1. Present the entity’s revenue, expenses, and profit or loss for the reporting period.
      2. Report items such as operating revenue, operating expenses, finance costs, taxes, etc.
    3. Statement of Changes in Equity:
      1. Show changes in equity accounts, including contributions, distributions, profit or loss for the period, and other equity adjustments.
    4. Statement of Cash Flows:
      1. Report cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities.
      2. Present changes in cash and cash equivalents during the reporting period.
    5. Notes to the Financial Statements:
      1. Disclose additional information required by IFRS standards to provide context, explanations, and details about the financial statements.
      2. Disclose accounting policies, significant accounting estimates, and other relevant information.
  5. Apply Measurement Guidelines: IFRS provides specific guidelines for measuring assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Ensure that you follow these guidelines accurately.
  6. Consider Impairments: Assess whether any assets need to be impaired (written down) due to a decrease in their recoverable amounts.
  7. Review for Consistency and Compliance: Review the financial statements for consistency with IFRS standards and compliance with relevant regulations.
  8. Auditor’s Review or Audit (if applicable): Depending on legal or regulatory requirements, the financial statements might need to be reviewed or audited by an external auditor.
  9. Finalize and Present Financial Statements: Once the financial statements are prepared, reviewed, and approved, they can be presented to stakeholders, including shareholders, investors, regulators, and the public.
  10. Continuous Disclosure: IFRS requires ongoing disclosure of relevant information. This includes updating financial statements as new information becomes available, especially in the case of significant events or changes.

 

It’s important to note that the above steps are a general guideline. Preparing financial statements in accordance with IFRS can be complex, and it’s recommended to consult with accounting professionals who are well-versed in IFRS standards and regulations to ensure accurate and compliant reporting.[/trp_language]

XBRL报告服务

[trp_language language=”zh_CN”] 我们需要什么来准备XBRL?

我们只需要全套财务报表的文字档以及扫描档来准备XBRL。

什么是XBRL?

XBRL全名“可扩展商业报告语言”(eXtensible Business Reporting Language),是一种呈现财政报表的电脑标记语言,在线记录可供读取和传递给审计师、监管机构和金融分析师等用户,作各种用途。更多有关XBRL的信息,请浏览www.xbrl.org。2007年11月1日起,会计和企业管理局(ACRA)对新加坡注册公司提出新的申报格式要求,即以XBRL格式来申报公司的财务报表(FS)。

为什么需要XBRL?

大多数公司目前以PDF格式提交财务报表。ACRA认为,使用XBRL,将实现促进新加坡业务发展的目标,提供更多增值的财政信息,加强监管氛围,提高透明度,并及时传播各种财政资讯。

XBRL能够以电子方式标记数据源,从而使数据能够让机器读取。因此,用户的系统可以自动提取信息,无需复制、粘贴或键入。XBRL可以标记数字、定量数据和文本信息。 XBRL的优点卓越,透过使用电子标签,让整个数据处理过程线条化。

谁该为呈报报表的正确性和信息准确性负责?

向ACRA提交XBRL格式的财政报表,其正确性和准确性,依然由各个公司的董事负责。因此,建议他们在授权代表提交资料给ACRA之前要查看清楚。

谁会受到调整 XBRL申报格式事件影响?

所有新加坡注册成立的股份有限公司或无限公司(除非是以下被豁免的类型)需向ACRA提交财务报表,并根据2013年最新ACRA分类法的“最低要求清单”,以XBRL格式,提交全套财务报表。不可再使用FS Manager提交“备选方案B”(Option B,即部分XBRL)。[/trp_language]

[trp_language language=”en_US”] XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) financial reporting is a standard format for preparing and presenting financial statements and other business information in a digital format that is easily readable by both humans and computers. XBRL is used to enhance the accuracy, transparency, and efficiency of financial reporting and analysis. In Singapore, XBRL reporting has been adopted as part of the regulatory framework for financial reporting by companies.

 

Here’s how XBRL financial reporting works in Singapore:

 

  1. Applicability: In Singapore, XBRL reporting is mandatory for certain types of companies. Publicly accountable entities, large companies, and those companies limited by guarantee are generally required to file their financial statements in XBRL format.
  2. Preparation of Financial Statements: Companies prepare their financial statements in XBRL format according to the Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (SFRS) or the Singapore Financial Reporting Standards for Small Entities (SFRS for Small Entities), as applicable.
  3. XBRL Taxonomy: The Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) of Singapore provides a standard XBRL taxonomy that outlines the specific elements, tags, and relationships that should be used to represent different line items in the financial statements. This taxonomy is regularly updated to reflect changes in accounting standards.
  4. Tagging Financial Information: Companies need to tag each line item of their financial statements with appropriate XBRL tags. These tags correspond to the specific concepts in the XBRL taxonomy. This process involves mapping the financial data from the company’s financial statements to the corresponding XBRL elements.
  5. Software Tools: Companies use XBRL software tools or applications to facilitate the tagging process. These tools help ensure accurate tagging and compliance with the XBRL taxonomy.
  6. Validation: Once the financial statements are tagged, companies should validate the XBRL files to ensure that they conform to the required format and taxonomy. ACRA provides validation tools that can be used for this purpose.
  7. Filing with ACRA: After validation, companies submit the XBRL files along with their financial statements to ACRA through the BizFinx system, which is the online filing system used for XBRL reporting. Companies typically need to file their XBRL financial statements within specific timelines following the end of their financial reporting periods.
  8. Review and Verification: ACRA reviews the submitted XBRL financial statements for accuracy and compliance with the XBRL taxonomy. Errors or discrepancies may result in requests for corrections or clarifications.
  9. Public Access: Once accepted, the XBRL financial statements become publicly accessible through ACRA’s website and other relevant platforms. This contributes to increased transparency and accountability.

 

XBRL financial reporting streamlines the reporting process, enhances comparability of financial data, and reduces the need for manual data entry and analysis. It also facilitates regulatory compliance and helps stakeholders, including investors and analysts, access and analyze financial information more efficiently.

 

As regulations and requirements may change, it’s recommended that companies in Singapore stay informed about the latest updates related to XBRL reporting from relevant authorities such as ACRA.

[/trp_language]

合并会计服务

[trp_language language=”zh_CN”] 大型跨国公司需要合并财务报表,以向投资者(或基于其他商业目的)准确地展示财务成果。当一个商业帝国被建立起来,财务报表就反映了所有相关实体及原公司资产的财务成果。当母公司收购股票来创立子公司时,子公司虽然保留了单独的会计记录,但仍由母公司控制,并非独立经营,因此母公司会合并财务报表,以便呈现它与子公司的财务操作。

在Astop,我们为客户提供的配套内容不会一成不变,请来电和我们讨论如何帮助您合并会计,并确保遵守新加坡财务报告准则。[/trp_language]

[trp_language language=”en_US”] Consolidated financial statements are a set of financial reports that provide a combined view of the financial position, performance, cash flows, and other key financial metrics of a group of companies as if they were a single entity. These statements are prepared by a parent company that owns a controlling interest in one or more subsidiary companies. The purpose of consolidated financial statements is to present a holistic and accurate picture of the financial health and performance of the entire group, rather than focusing solely on the individual financials of each company within the group.[/trp_language]

工资服务

[trp_language language=”zh_CN”]工资服务是指为雇主和雇员提供有关工资和薪酬管理的一系列服务。这些服务旨在确保雇员按时获得工资、符合税收和法规要求,同时减轻雇主在薪酬管理方面的负担。以下是工资服务的一些关键方面:

工资计算和支付:工资服务提供商负责计算雇员的工资、薪酬和福利,确保按时支付工资。这可能包括计算小时工资、月薪、奖金、津贴等。

税务遵从:服务提供商确保雇主遵守适用的税收法规,包括预扣税、社会保险和其他扣款。他们还可以协助在税务季度或年度申报期间提交相关报表。

薪酬政策和合规性:服务提供商可以协助雇主制定和维护薪酬政策,确保其符合法规要求,例如最低工资法规和劳工法规定。

工资支票和存储:一些工资服务提供商还可以处理工资支票的印刷和分发,或提供在线工资存储和电子支付选项。

员工福利管理:这些服务还可能包括管理雇员福利计划,如医疗保险、养老金、健康储蓄账户等。

时间和考勤追踪:一些工资服务提供商提供时间和考勤追踪系统,帮助雇主跟踪员工的工作时间和出勤情况。

报告和记录:服务提供商通常会生成工资单和其他与工资相关的报告,以供雇主和雇员参考。他们还会保留必要的工资记录以供审计或合规检查。

员工自助系统:一些工资服务提供商提供员工自助系统,允许员工访问他们的工资单、税表和福利信息。

法规变更跟踪:工资服务提供商会跟踪税收法规和劳工法规的变化,并确保雇主的薪酬实践保持合规性。

咨询服务:一些工资服务提供商还提供薪酬和人力资源咨询服务,帮助雇主解决薪酬管理和雇佣问题。

选择合适的工资服务提供商对于雇主来说非常重要,因为它可以减轻薪酬管理的繁琐任务,确保合规性,同时确保员工按时获得他们应得的薪酬和福利。这也可以帮助雇主集中精力在核心业务上,提高效率。
[/trp_language]

[trp_language language=”en_US”] Payroll services refer to a range of services provided by companies or service providers to assist businesses in managing their employee compensation and payroll processes. These services aim to streamline and simplify the often complex task of paying employees accurately and ensuring compliance with tax and labor regulations. Here are some key aspects of payroll services:

 

Payroll Processing: Payroll service providers handle the computation of employee salaries, wages, bonuses, and deductions. This includes calculating gross pay, net pay, and withholding taxes.

 

Tax Compliance: Payroll services ensure that employers comply with tax regulations by deducting and remitting income taxes, Social Security, Medicare, and other applicable taxes to government authorities. They also assist in preparing and filing tax-related forms.

 

Direct Deposit and Paychecks: Payroll companies can facilitate direct deposit into employees’ bank accounts and handle the printing and distribution of physical paychecks if required.

 

Employee Benefits Administration: Some payroll services also manage employee benefits, including retirement plans, health insurance, and other deductions or contributions.

 

Time and Attendance Tracking: Many payroll services offer time and attendance tracking solutions to record employee work hours accurately for payroll processing.

 

Compliance with Labor Laws: Payroll providers help ensure that businesses adhere to labor laws and regulations regarding minimum wage, overtime, and other labor-related matters.

 

Record Keeping: Payroll companies maintain records of employee payroll data and provide access to historical payroll information for audit and compliance purposes.

 

Employee Self-Service: Some payroll service providers offer employee self-service portals that allow employees to access their pay stubs, tax forms, and update personal information.

 

Reporting: Payroll services generate reports for businesses, including payroll summaries, tax reports, and year-end reports required for tax filings.

 

HR and Benefits Consulting: Some payroll service providers offer human resources and benefits consulting services to help businesses with HR-related issues, policy development, and employee benefit programs.

 

Compliance Updates: Payroll providers stay informed about changes in tax laws and labor regulations and ensure that their clients’ payroll processes remain compliant.

 

Cost Savings: Outsourcing payroll can help businesses save money by reducing the need for in-house payroll staff and avoiding costly errors and penalties related to payroll and tax compliance.

 

Choosing the right payroll service provider is crucial for businesses to ensure accurate and compliant payroll processing while freeing up time and resources for core business activities. It can also provide peace of mind, knowing that payroll-related tasks are handled by experts who stay current with changing regulations.
[/trp_language]

认证